267 research outputs found
Quantum-trajectory analysis for charge transfer in solid materials induced by strong laser fields
We investigate the dependence of charge transfer on the intensity of driving
laser field when SiO2 crystal is irradiated by an 800 nm laser. It is
surprising that the direction of charge transfer undergoes a sudden reversal
when the driving laser intensity exceeds critical values with different carrier
envelope phases. By applying quantum-trajectory analysis, we find that the
Bloch oscillation plays an important role in charge transfer in solid. Also, we
study the interaction of strong laser with gallium nitride (GaN) that is widely
used in optoelectronics. A pump-probe scheme is applied to control the quantum
trajectories of the electrons in the conduction band. The signal of charge
transfer is controlled successfully by means of theoretically proposed
approach
Application of Transfer Learning to Deep CNN for Facial Expression Recognition
We present a web-based application based on facial expression recognition. We investigated five classifiers which include three statistical linear classifiers and two neural network classifiers using three databases (Extended Cohn Kanade (CK+), JAFFE, SFEW), in order to find out the most suitable module for the web application. Based on our initial considerations on the neural networks applied in facial expression recognition, we chose several convolution neural network (CNN) structures investigated by Audre Teixeira Lopes and Minchul Shin. We conducted experiments with detailed training procedures with different classifiers on different datasets to gain comparative results. We chose flask as the web application’s framework because it provides us with a convenient interface for embedding existing python code such as our expression recognition classifier
Model-as-a-Service (MaaS): A Survey
Due to the increased number of parameters and data in the pre-trained model
exceeding a certain level, a foundation model (e.g., a large language model)
can significantly improve downstream task performance and emerge with some
novel special abilities (e.g., deep learning, complex reasoning, and human
alignment) that were not present before. Foundation models are a form of
generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), and Model-as-a-Service (MaaS) has
emerged as a groundbreaking paradigm that revolutionizes the deployment and
utilization of GenAI models. MaaS represents a paradigm shift in how we use AI
technologies and provides a scalable and accessible solution for developers and
users to leverage pre-trained AI models without the need for extensive
infrastructure or expertise in model training. In this paper, the introduction
aims to provide a comprehensive overview of MaaS, its significance, and its
implications for various industries. We provide a brief review of the
development history of "X-as-a-Service" based on cloud computing and present
the key technologies involved in MaaS. The development of GenAI models will
become more democratized and flourish. We also review recent application
studies of MaaS. Finally, we highlight several challenges and future issues in
this promising area. MaaS is a new deployment and service paradigm for
different AI-based models. We hope this review will inspire future research in
the field of MaaS.Comment: Preprint. 3 figures, 1 table
Web 3.0: The Future of Internet
With the rapid growth of the Internet, human daily life has become deeply
bound to the Internet. To take advantage of massive amounts of data and
information on the internet, the Web architecture is continuously being
reinvented and upgraded. From the static informative characteristics of Web 1.0
to the dynamic interactive features of Web 2.0, scholars and engineers have
worked hard to make the internet world more open, inclusive, and equal. Indeed,
the next generation of Web evolution (i.e., Web 3.0) is already coming and
shaping our lives. Web 3.0 is a decentralized Web architecture that is more
intelligent and safer than before. The risks and ruin posed by monopolists or
criminals will be greatly reduced by a complete reconstruction of the Internet
and IT infrastructure. In a word, Web 3.0 is capable of addressing web data
ownership according to distributed technology. It will optimize the internet
world from the perspectives of economy, culture, and technology. Then it
promotes novel content production methods, organizational structures, and
economic forms. However, Web 3.0 is not mature and is now being disputed.
Herein, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of Web 3.0, with a focus on
current technologies, challenges, opportunities, and outlook. This article
first introduces a brief overview of the history of World Wide Web as well as
several differences among Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and Web3. Then, some
technical implementations of Web 3.0 are illustrated in detail. We discuss the
revolution and benefits that Web 3.0 brings. Finally, we explore several
challenges and issues in this promising area.Comment: ACM Web Conference 202
Web3: The Next Internet Revolution
Since the first appearance of the World Wide Web, people more rely on the Web
for their cyber social activities. The second phase of World Wide Web, named
Web 2.0, has been extensively attracting worldwide people that participate in
building and enjoying the virtual world. Nowadays, the next internet
revolution: Web3 is going to open new opportunities for traditional social
models. The decentralization property of Web3 is capable of breaking the
monopoly of the internet companies. Moreover, Web3 will lead a paradigm shift
from the Web as a publishing medium to a medium of interaction and
participation. This change will deeply transform the relations among users and
platforms, forces and relations of production, and the global economy.
Therefore, it is necessary that we technically, practically, and more broadly
take an overview of Web3. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of
Web3, with a focus on current technologies, challenges, opportunities, and
outlook. This article first introduces several major technologies of Web3.
Then, we illustrate the type of Web3 applications in detail. Blockchain and
smart contracts ensure that decentralized organizations will be less trusted
and more truthful than that centralized organizations. Decentralized finance
will be global, and open with financial inclusiveness for unbanked people. This
paper also discusses the relationship between the Metaverse and Web3, as well
as the differences and similarities between Web 3.0 and Web3. Inspired by the
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, we further conduct a novel hierarchy of
needs theory within Web3. Finally, several worthwhile future research
directions of Web3 are discussed.Comment: Preprint. 5 figures, 2 table
Population Redistribution among Multiple Electronic States of Molecular Nitrogen Ions in Strong Laser Fields
We carry out a combined theoretical and experimental investigation on the
population distributions in the ground and excited states of tunnel ionized N2
molecules at various driver wavelengths in the near- and mid-infrared range.
Our results reveal that efficient couplings (i.e., population exchanges)
between the ground state and the excited states occur in strong laser fields.
The couplings result in the population inversion between the ground and the
excited states at the wavelengths near 800 nm, which is verified by our
experiment by observing the amplification of a seed at ~391 nm. The result
provides insight into the mechanism of free-space nitrogen ion lasers generated
in remote air with strong femtosecond laser pulses.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure
- …